Ten most controversial paradoxes

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Ten most controversial paradoxes

Сообщение DARPA » 01 сен 2014, 15:33

In this article, we have compiled the ten most controversial paradox, which shows that our world is not as simple as it seems. Who knows, maybe that you will be able to find a solution to the paradoxes presented below.

1 The paradox of omnipotence

It's pretty well-known paradox that reads as follows: "Ask the almighty person create a stone which he can not lift." If you create such a stone is not successful, then the person is not omnipotent, and if possible - that person loses his omnipotence.

Answers there may be several. Perhaps the absolute omnipotence does not exist. You can also say that the omnipotent being is not limited by the laws of logic, so it can do whatever he wants.

2 The paradox of turtles

This paradox was coined by the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno. The gist of it is this: suppose that Achilles runs 10 times faster than a turtle and is 1000 steps from her. Achilles will run until 1000 steps, turtle propolzёt another 100 steps. When Achilles will run 100 steps turtle propolzёt another 10 steps, and so on to infinity. In the end, Achilles never overtake the tortoise. Of course we all know that in real life he would have it for sure and caught up and surpassed.

Paradox can be explained by the fact that in reality, space and time can not be divided indefinitely.

3 killed grandfather paradox

This paradox has invented a french pisatele fiction Rene Barzhavel. Let us assume that man has created a time machine, went back in time and killed his biological grandfather there in early childhood. As a result, one of the parents was not born traveler. Accordingly, the traveler himself is also not born. This means that in the end he did not go back in time and killed there and his grandfather was still alive.

Solutions to the paradox again somewhat. Maybe move to the past is impossible. Or maybe just a traveler can not change it. Also, it is believed that by going into the past, the traveler will create another alternate reality in which he will never be born.

4 Ship of Theseus

According to Greek mythology, the people of Athens for a long time kept the ship on which Theseus returned from Crete. Over time, the ship started to rot, so it gradually began to change the board. At some point, all the boards of the ship have been replaced by new ones. As a result, there was quite a natural question: "Is this another ship or a completely different?" In addition, there is another question: "What if the old boards to collect another same ship, which of them will be present?"

In the modern interpretation of this paradox is: "If the original object gradually replace all the parts, so will it remain the same object?"

The answer might be: any object can be "those same" quantitatively and qualitatively. This means that after the change of the boards the ship of Theseus quantify will be the same ship, but quality - is another.

5 paradox heap

Suppose we have a bunch of seeds. If you remove it from one grain, when it ceases to be a bunch of? whether it will be a bunch of if it will be only one grain? Paradox is explained by the fact that the term "heap" is no exact definition.

6 Abilene Paradox

The paradox is as follows: "One hot evening some family played on the porch of a house of dominoes until the test is suggested to go relax in Abilene. Trip promised to be long and tedious. Nevertheless wife immediately, though agreed to go, saying," Not a bad idea! "My husband did not want to go anywhere, but decided to tune out the rest and said that he, too, this idea seems to be very good. Finally in-law also agreed on the trip. Directions to Abilene was very tiring and hot, so that the rest failed. a few hours later the family came back home. in-law said that she did not like the trip and drove it only for the sake of others. husband said that he, too, was glad not to go, but agreed to the trip so as not to spoil the mood of the rest.'s wife, in turn, said that she will not want to go, she just wanted to tune out the rest. Finally, the test itself is said that he offered to ride just because the surroundings seemed to him boring. Thus, none of them wanted to go to Abilene and agreed only for the sake of others. "

This paradox is a typical example of groupthink.

7 paradox Grelling

We divide all the adjectives into two groups: autologous and heterologous. Autologous adjectives - those that characterize themselves. For example, the adjective "polysyllabic" is polysyllabic, and the adjective "Russian" is Russian.

Heterologous adjectives - those who do not represent themselves. For example, the adjective "new" is not new, and the adjective "German" is not German.

The paradox arises when it is necessary to determine the adjective "heterologous" to one of two groups. If it describes itself, it is autologous, heterologous and not.

8 The paradox of Mayors

In one country, a decree was issued "The mayors of all cities should not live in your city, and special city mayors." This raises the question: "Where should I live the mayor of mayors?"

9 Paradox unexpected execution

One prisoner said: "You executed at noon next Wednesday. This will be a surprise for you." Prisoner finds that once he knows the exact time of execution, the penalty will not be able to be his surprise, and therefore it can not be executed. At noon next Wednesday because it really comes executioner and executed. And the penalty is really a surprise to put the prisoner.

10 The paradox Evatla

It is an ancient logic problem, the essence of which is as follows: "A certain teacher Protagoras took to his disciples Evatla and began to teach him the lawsuit. Evatl promised to pay all the training as soon win your first case. However, after learning Evatl not in a hurry to work. Protagoras then filed for him in court. eventually the judge was unable to make a decision, because if Evatl wins the case, he will be obliged to give money to Protagoras. so he really lose, so he will not have to pay for their studies Protagoras . And so on to infinity.
DARPA
 
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